海草污染生态学研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄道建  黄小平 《海洋湖沼通报》2007,(Z1)

本文对国外近20年来在海草污染生态学方面的研究成果进行了综述。这些成果主要包括重金属、农药和石油对海草的影响。重全属时海草影响的研究重点.是重金属对海草生理功能的影响,以及海草对重金属的富集等方面;农药对海草的影响研究.集中于其对海草的生理学和形态学方面的影响。以及海草对农药的耐性等;而石油对海草的影响研究.主要是事故性石油污染和石油分散剂对海草的影响。最后,本文展望了该领域今后的研究重点与方向。  相似文献   

土壤中持久性有机污染物分析的前处理方法   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

佟玲  黄园英  张玲金  吴淑琪 《岩矿测试》2008,27(2):81-86

对土壤样品的前处理技术进行了研究。采用加速溶剂萃取法(ASE)提取土壤中有机氯农药和多氯联苯类化合物,并且与索氏提取结果进行了对比,结果表明,ASE完全能取代传统的索氏提取方法。对固相萃取(SPE)柱净化的不同填料进行了实验筛选。比较了浓硫酸磺化法和SPE柱净化法对土壤中有机氯农药及多氯联苯的净化效果。优化了有机氯农药、多氯联苯凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)的净化条件。当样品基质比较复杂时,采用凝胶渗透色谱结合固相萃取柱的前处理方法,能得到很好的净化效果。土壤样品中持久性有机污染物采用加速溶剂提取结合固相萃取前处理过程的回收率为68%~106%,精密度小于7.7%。  相似文献   

Historical contamination and sources of organochlorine pesticides in sediment cores from Quanzhou Bay, Southeast China   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Gong X  Qi S  Wang Y  Julia EB  Lv C 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(9):1434-1440

Three sediment cores were collected from the top to the mouth of Quanzhou Bay, Southeast China, in order to establish sources and historical trends of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the region. The spatial distribution of OCPs in surface sediments implies that Quanzhou Bay received the contamination inputs not only from rivers near the shore, but also from outside the bay. The variation profiles of concentrations clearly showed that OCPs were widely used between 1960s and 1980s in China. A recent increasing trend was found in all cores despite their ban in China in 1983. Different ratios of (DDD+DDE)/DDTs indicated that DDTs at the top of the bay were mainly derived from long-term weather soils, while DDTs near the mouth of the bay were mainly derived from fresh inputs from outside the bay. Higher percentage of gamma-HCH in HCHs deposited after 1990 implies that lindane may have been used recently around Quanzhou Bay.  相似文献   

Characterization and composition of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants in water and estuarine sediments from Gao-ping River, Taiwan   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Doong RA  Lee SH  Lee CC  Sun YC  Wu SC 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):846-857

The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations and possible sources of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in water and estuarine sediments from Gao-ping River in order to evaluate the environmental quality of aquatic system in southern Taiwan. High concentrations of heavy metals including Cr, Zn, Ni, Cu and As, ranging from 10.7 to 180 mg/kg-dry weight (dw), were detected in sediments from Gao-ping River. When normalized to the principal component analysis (PCA), swinery and electroplating wastewaters were found to be the most important pollution sources for heavy metals. Of various organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues detected, aldrin and total-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) were frequently found in sediments. The total concentrations of OCPs were in the range 0.47-47.4 ng/g-dw. Also, the total-HCH, total-cyclodiene, and total-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were in the range 0.37-36.3, 0.21-19.0, and 0.44-1.88 ng/g-dw, respectively. The polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in sediments from Gao-ping River ranged between 0.37 and 5.89 ng/g-dw. The PCB concentrations are positively correlated to the organic contents of the sediment particles. alpha-HCH was found to be the dominant compound of HCH in the sediments, showing that long-range transport may be the possible source for the contamination of HCH in sediments from Gao-ping River. In summary, trace amounts of POPs in estuarine sediments from Gao-ping River were detected, showing that there still exist a wide variety of POP residues in the river sediments in Taiwan. These POP residues may be mainly from long-range transport and weathered agricultural soils, while heavy metal contamination is primarily from the swinery and industrial wastewaters.  相似文献   

Composition and distribution of organochlorine pesticide residues in surface sediments from the Wu-Shi River Estuary,Taiwan   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23  

Doong RA  Peng CK  Sun YC  Liao PL 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):246-253

The contamination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediments from the Wu-Shi River estuary was investigated to evaluate the pollution potentials and distribution of OCPs in central Taiwan. A total of 19 sediment samples were collected at five sampling stations along the River estuary. The concentrations of OCPs were in the range of 0.99–14.5 ng/g-dry weight (dw) for ΣHCH (-, β-, γ-, δ-HCH), 0.46–13.4 ng/g-dw for Σcyclodiene and 0.53–11.4 ng/g-dw for ΣDDT (p,p^′-DDD, p,p^′-DDE, p,p^′-DDT). The mean concentrations of ΣHCH, Σcyclodiene and ΣDDT were 3.79, 4.87 and 2.51 ng/g-dw, respectively. The total concentrations of OCPs correspond to 1.73–71.9 μg/g-OC when normalized to TOC contents. Among the organochlorine pesticides, endosulfan sulfate, β-HCH, and p,p^′-DDD were the most dominant compounds in the sediments with the average concentrations of 1.97, 3.43 and 2.08 ng/g, respectively. Also, different contamination patterns among sampling seasons were observed. The measured concentrations of OCPs collected in spring were higher than those in autumn and winter. A linear relationship between sediment characteristics and OCP residues was also demonstrated. The results obtained in this study show that there still exist a variety of organochlorine pesticide residues in the sediments from the near shore of central Taiwan.  相似文献   

Geographical distribution and accumulation features of organochlorine residues in bivalves from coastal areas of South Korea   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26  

Kim SK  Oh JR  Shim WJ  Lee DH  Yim UH  Hong SH  Shin YB  Lee DS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):268-279

As a part of Mussel Watch Program in Korea, the contamination levels and accumulation features of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were assessed for 82 bivalve samples collected from 66 sites along the entire coast of Korea. The dry weight based ∑PCBs and ∑OCPs ranged from 4.4 ng g⁻¹ to 422.0 ng g⁻¹ (geometric MEAN=36.9 ng g⁻¹) and from 9.95 ng g⁻¹ to 131.37 (34.88) ng g⁻¹, respectively. PCB was predominant in Korean coast, followed by DDTs, HCHs, and Chlordanes. From the observed log normal distribution of PCB and each OCP, low- and high-levels were defined as geometric mean ±1 S.D., respectively. The levels at the sites near urban and/or industrial areas often exceeded the high-levels and the spatial distributions of ∑DDTs and ∑CHLs were correlated with that of ∑PCBs, indicating terrestrial input pathways. Even distribution of ∑HCHs suggested a possibility of atmospheric input pathway of HCHs. The observed isomer ratios of DDTs, HCHs, and CHLs indicated that aging has occurred.  相似文献   

Residue levels of HCHs,DDTs and PCBs in shellfish from coastal areas of east Xiamen Island and Minjiang Estuary,China   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Chen W  Zhang L  Xu L  Wang X  Hong L  Hong H 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):385-390

Shellfish samples were collected from the coastal cultivating areas of east Xiamen Island and Minjing Estuary, China and analyzed for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), DDTs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by GC. Concentration ranges of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in the coastal area of east Xiamen Island were 0.18–345, 75.2–2143 and ND-23 ng g⁻¹ dry wt., respectively; those for Minjiang Estuary were ND-5.07, 21.5–2396 and ND-6.78 ng g⁻¹ dry wt., respectively. The results showed that the organochlorines were evidently accumulated in marine bivalve molluscs, particularly in oyster. The concentrations of organocholorine pollutants in shellfish samples varied with the sampling locations, the season of collection and organism species, but were generally higher than those in the sediments. The concentrations of DDTs in the shellfish were high as compared with HCHs and PCBs, so that DDTs can be considered as the typical organochlorines in the survey areas. The residue levels and compositions of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs are discussed.  相似文献   

福建兴化湾水体有机氯农药污染状况   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11  

张菲娜  祁士华  苏秋克  龚香宜  吕春玲  李敏  方敏 《地质科技情报》2006,25(4):86-91

利用气相色谱-电子检测器对福建兴化湾河水和海水中的19种有机氯农药(HCHs、DDTs等)进行的分析结果表明,几种有机氯农药尽管已停止生产多年,但在河水及海水中仍有残留.二者的有机氯农药的质量浓度分别为10.96～56.31,5.78～161.64 ng/L ,同国内外其他港口海区及河流相比,其污染程度相对较低.丰水期河水中DDT的降解产物主要为DDE,而海水中DDT的降解产物主要为DDD.同时,对有机氯农药现状的分析表明,近年来仍有有机氯农药污染的输入,其农药的使用主要集中在六六六和滴滴涕上.  相似文献   

西藏错鄂湖和羊卓雍湖水体及沉积物中有机氯农药的初步研究   总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32  

张伟玲  张干  祁士华  彭平安 《地球化学》2003,32(4):363-367

对2002年5月采集的西藏错鄂湖和羊卓雍湖的水和沉积物样品进行了实验及分析。结果表明，这2个高原湖泊均不同程度地受到有机氯农药的污染，并具有多种有机氯农药的同时存在、在沉积柱上近表层没有含量下降趋势以及南部的羊卓雍湖污染程度高于藏北的错鄂湖等特点，反映出湖泊中的有机氯农药有可能是随孟加拉湾洋暖流由南向北带人的。两个湖泊的水与沉积物中滴滴涕(DDTs)和六六六(HCHs)含量甚至与我国东部地区的一些淡水水体相近，这种现象很可能表明，大气沉降的有机氯农药可在青藏高原湖泊水体与沉积物中发生一定程度的累积。长远地看，这一过程将可能对青藏高原野生动物产生负面影响。  相似文献   

COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE AND AGROCHEMICALS IN ALMOLONGA,GUATEMALA*     

SONIA I. ARBONA 《Geographical review》1998,88(1):47-63

ABSTRACT. Large amounts of synthetic pesticides are used in Guatemala to increase the production of nontraditional crops. Almolonga, a township in the western highlands, produces vegetables for markets in Mexico and Central America. Almolongueños make intensive use of limited cultivable land and abundant water resources, as well as sizable amounts of synthetic pesticides. Among Almolongueños, congenital malformations, cancer, anemia, and respiratory infections await substantiated links to exposure to pesticides. The prevalence of infectious and parasitic diseases and nutritional deficiencies—the dominant health concerns—may be heightened by excessive use of pesticides. Public-health initiatives involve the rational use of pesticides or their elimination.  相似文献